Tag Archive for: seraph

Isaiah 6:1-8

The Book of Isaiah is a composite of writings from three distinct periods in Israel’s history. Chapters 1-39 are called “First Isaiah” and called for Jerusalem to repent in the 30 years before Jerusalem was under siege by the Assyrians in 701 BCE. “Second Isaiah” is Chapters 40 to 55 and brought hope to the Judeans during the Exile in Babylon (587 to 539 BCE) by telling them they had suffered enough and would return to Jerusalem. “Third Isaiah” is Chapters 56 to 66 and, for the most part, gave encouragement to Judeans who returned to Jerusalem (which had been largely destroyed by the Babylonians in 587 BCE) after the Exile.

Today’s reading is usually referred to as “the Call of Isaiah.” Using the reigns of kings as a way of denoting years was a common method, and King Uzziah of the Kingdom of Judea died in 733 BCE, at a time when the Assyrian Empire was dominant. The Assyrians conquered the Kingdom of Israel (the Northern 10 Tribes) in 722 BCE.

The scene of Isaiah’s Call is intended to inspire awe and uses hyperbole (the hem of the Lord’s robe fills the temple) (v.1) to create that sense. The Lord is surrounded by angels – seraphs (literally, “burning ones”) with six wings, two of which cover their “feet” (a customary euphemism in Hebrew Scriptures for one’s private parts).

Just as Samuel responded to the Lord’s call in 1 Sam. 3, Isaiah responds with the same words: “Here I am; send me” (v.8).

Romans 8:12-17

Paul’s letter to the Romans was his longest, last and most complex letter. It was written in the late 50s or early 60s (CE) to a Jesus Follower community that Paul did not establish. Among other messages in the letter, Paul sought to encourage respectful and supportive relationships between the Gentile Jesus Followers and the Jewish Jesus Followers in Rome.

Today’s verses place in opposition “the Spirit” on the one hand and “the flesh” and “the body” on the other. In doing this, Paul was using these terms as “verbal shorthand” for concepts he developed in this and other epistles.

Paul was not denigrating human bodies as intrinsically opposed to the Spirit. Instead, he used “the flesh” and “the body” to as shorthand for the “values of the world” – or “the System” – values that exalt power, self-centeredness, autonomy, and personal achievement as a measure of a person’s worth. Similarly, Paul criticized the idea that slavish obedience to the Law would enable one to “earn” or “merit” salvation or wholeness.

Salvation is a byproduct (not the goal) of living in the Spirit, and the Spirit bears witness to the fact that we are children of God and heirs of God with Christ (v.17). We only need accept that gift and live into it.